Amfani da makamashin hasken rana yana komawa da daɗewa

Tunawa da tarihin karfin hasken rana ya dawo mana da matsalar wutar lantarki a shekarun 1970 da kuma takunkumin mai, wanda ya haifar da dogayen layuka a tashoshin iskar gas, hauhawar farashin gas har ma da firgici tsakanin masu amfani da masu saka jari a Amurka. Sanin cewa mai shine arzikin da ba za a iya sabunta shi ba tun daga 1800s. Amma lokacin da bayan rikicin makamashi ne na 1970 ne kawai mutane suka fara fahimtar illolin dogaro ga yawan albarkatun makamashi tuni ya ragu.

Koyaya, amfani da makamashin hasken rana ba wani ci gaba bane na kwanannan. Marwancin wayewa yayi amfani dashi don dumama, ciyar da shirye-shiryen amfanin gona da kuma dalilai daban-daban na aikin gona. Abin da ke sabo shine fasahar da ke cikin amfani da wannan kuzarin da kuma amfanin mutum na yau da kullun.

Fasaha ta fara ne a shekara ta 1830 lokacin da Edmund Becquerel ya fito da karatuttukan sa kan yadda za ayi amfani da hasken rana a cikin makamashi mai amfani. Koyaya, babu wanda ya yi aiki da wannan ra'ayin, ko bincika kowane amfani. Ci gaba a fagen samar da hasken rana ya zo ne bayan shekaru talatin da buga ayyukan sa ta Becquerel.

A shekara ta 1860, masarautar Faransa ta umarci Augusted Mouchout ya nemo sauran hanyoyin samun kuzari. Kuma Mouchout ya mirgine idanunsa don neman wahayi. Yawan ayyukansa da karfin hasken rana sun kayatar sosai a lokacin. Abubuwan da aka kirkira sun hada da injin da ya kunna hasken rana, injin da yake amfani da hasken rana, da injin kankara mai amfani da hasken rana.

Bayan Mouchout, an sami wasu nasarori da yawa a fagen samar da hasken rana. Waɗannan sun haɗa da aikin William Adams a cikin 1870s, wanda ya yi amfani da madubai don sarrafa hasken rana don sarrafa injin tururi. Har ila yau ana amfani da manufar ƙirar Adams Power Tower. Wani muhimmin aiki shine na Charles Fritz a farkon 1880s. Karatunsa ya mayar da hankali ne kan sauya hasken rana zuwa wutar lantarki, wanda daga baya ya yi.

Amma daya daga cikin mahimman ci gaban hasken rana na zamani ya faru ne a cikin shekarun 1950s. A farkon shekaru goma, RS Ohl ta gano cewa hasken rana ya samar da adadi mai yawa na wayoyi yayin da aka buga silicon. Sannan, a tsakiyar shekarun 1950s, Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller da Daryl Chaplin sun sami damar kama waɗannan wutan lantarki kuma suka canza su zuwa wutar lantarki. A yau, ana amfani da sel na silicon don yin ƙwayoyin hasken rana da bangarorin hasken rana don harba ƙarfin rana.

Nan da nan, an yi amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyin hasken rana cikin hikima kuma waɗanda suka fara amfani da su shine filin sararin samaniya. An yi amfani da wadannan kwayoyin halitta wadanda ke aiki da taurarin dan adam don sarrafa tauraron dan adam a kewayen duniya. Tauraron Vanguard I shine farkon wanda aka harba shi zuwa sararin samaniya saboda yawan amfani da kwayoyin halittar hasken rana. More tauraron dan adam sun biyo baya.

A yau, ana ci gaba da cigaba da bincike da nazari kan ingantaccen amfani da karfin hasken rana. Musamman a yau, inda ake cewa kusan shekaru 30 zuwa 50, ajiyar mai  a duniya   zai ƙare gaba ɗaya. Don haka, ana neman ci gaba don samo hanyoyin samar da makamashi. Ana tsammanin rana za ta fita cikin aan shekaru dubun, ya makara sosai don damuwa kuma mutumin zai iya samun ƙarfinsa har zuwa yau.