Tarihin makamashin hasken rana

Hasken rana yana ga kowa ne kawai saboda rana tana haskakawa a kowane lungu na duniya. A zahiri, tarihin ƙarfin rana yana komawa ga Helenawa, waɗanda aka ba da su ga Romawa, waɗanda sune farkon waɗanda suka fara amfani da ma'anar hasken rana.

Tsarin hasken rana mai santsi yana ba da damar zafi gidan bisa ga  tsarin   sa. A lokacin, mai yiwuwa ba su da windows, amma gine-ginen su ya ba mutane damar amfani da hasken rana don haske da kuma sararin gida mai zafi. Sakamakon haka, ba lallai ba ne a ƙona abinci sau da yawa.

A shekara ta 1861, Auguste Mouchout ta kirkiri injin farko na aiki da hasken rana. Abin takaici, babban farashin sa ya haifar da kasuwancin kasuwanci ba zai yiwu ba. Kasa da shekaru 20 bayan haka, Charles Fritts ya kirkiri sel wadanda za a yi amfani da su daga baya su kunna wutar gidaje, masu sararin samaniya, tauraron dan adam da sauran na'urori.

Kamar yadda abin da ya kirkira yana da matukar tasirin gaske, sauran mutane sunyi gwajin amfani da hasken rana. Albert Einstein, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Nobel a kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin wani ɓangare na bincikensa game da tasirin hoto, sabon abu wanda ya danganci samar da wutar lantarki daga sel.

A cikin 1953, Bell Laboratories, yanzu da aka sani da AT & T Laboratories, ya haɓaka sel na farko da silicon hasken rana wanda ke iya samar da wutar lantarki ta zamani. Shekaru uku bayan haka, sel suna aiki a $ 300 a kowace watt. Tare da Cold War da tseren sararin samaniya, an yi amfani da wannan fasaha don yada tauraron dan adam da fasaha.

Amma mafi girma aukuwa a cikin ci gaban Sola Energy ya faru a lokacin rikicin man fetur na 1973. Wannan ya haifar da gwamnatin Amurka ta sanya hannun jari sosai a cikin kwayar hasken rana wanda Bell Laboratories ya kirkira shekaru 20 da suka gabata.

A shekarun 1990, bincike kan makamashin hasken rana ya tsaya lokacin da farashin mai ya fadi a kasuwar duniya. An karkatar da kuɗaɗe a wasu wurare kuma Amurka, wanda tabbas ita ce jagora a wannan nau'in madadin makamashi, sauran ƙasashe suka mamaye su, da sauri, musamman Jamus da Japan.

Misali, a shekara ta 2002, Japan ta shigar da bangarorin hasken rana 25,000 a saman rufin gidaje. Saboda wannan, farashin hasken rana ya fadi saboda abin da ake nema ya tashi. Har zuwa yau, ƙarfin rana yana haɓaka da kashi 30% a shekara.

Kodayake makamashin hasken rana ya inganta, ƙa'idodinta na yau daya ne. Ana tattara haskoki na rana kuma a canza su zuwa wutar lantarki. Baya ga samar da wutar lantarki a gidaje ko ofisoshin ofis, anyi amfani da fasahar wajen amfani da jirage, motoci da kwale-kwale.

Abin takaici, har yanzu babu daya daga cikinsu da aka gabatar ga jama'a. Har yanzu mun dogara da mai akan wutar lantarki, mai a motocinmu, mai don jirgi da jirgi.

A zahiri, Amurka tana daya daga cikin manyan masu amfani da mai a duniya. Don tabbatar da maki guda, Ma'aikatar Tsaro na cin ganga 395,000 a rana saboda yaƙe-yaƙe da ke gudana a Afghanistan da Iraki, wanda kusan shine amfani da mai a cikin ƙasa baki ɗaya kamar Girka.