Chii chinonzi simba rezuva?
Simba rezuva nderimwe simba rinowanikwazve nekuti rinoshandisa simba rinopenya rezuva. Izvi zvinoitwa nekushandura zuva kuva magetsi kushandisa magetsi esolar.
Solar kana Photovoltaic masero akagadzirwa mune 1880s naCharles Fritts. Kunyangwe zuva raisashandura akawanda mwenje kuva magetsi panguva iyoyo, shanduko yakaenderera kusvika zana remakumi maviri emakore. Zvichida muenzaniso wakanyanya ndeeVanguard 1, satellite yakarongedzwa nemasero ezuva kuti iibvumidze kudzosera pasi mushure mekupedza bhatiri rayo remakemikari.
Kubudirira uku kwakaita kuti NASA nemumwe wayo wekuRussia vaite zvakafanana nemamwe ma satellites, kusanganisira Telstar, iyo inoramba ichishanda semusana wechimiro chefoni.
Chiitiko chakanyanya kukosha chakawedzera kudiwa kwesimba kwesimba yaive 1973 dambudziko remafuta. Pakutanga, zvishandiso zvakabhadhara mutengi nemadhora zana pa watt. Muna1980s, yaingova madhora manomwe chete pamawt. Nehurombo, sekushayikwa kwemari yehurumende isina kutsigira kukura kwayo, kukura kwesimba kwesimba kwaingova gumi neshanu muzana pagore kubva 1984 kusvika 1996.
Kudiwa kwesimba rezuva kwakadzikira muUnited States, asi kwawedzera muJapan neGermany. Kubva 31.2 megawatts emagetsi muna 1994, simba iri rakawedzera kusvika 318 megawatts muna1999 uye kukura kwenyika kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa kwakawedzera ne30% mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi20.
Kuteedzera kune idzi nyika mbiri, Spain ndiyo yechitatu mushandisi mukuru wesimba rezuva, ichiteverwa neFrance, Italy neSouth Korea.
Kune nzira nhatu dzinokosha dzekuwana iyo zvakanyanya kunze kwesimba rezuva. Izvi zvinosanganisira anongoitika mafotoovoltaic masisitimu, anoshanda uye nesolar.
1. Mumamiriro ekutenderera, izvi zvine chikwereti mukugadzirwa kwechivakwa. Izvi zvinobvumidza chivakwa kuti chidzivise kupisa kupisa, kuitira kuti vanhu vari mukati vanzwe vakasununguka nemhepo inodzora mhepo uye masikati masikati. Dzimba dzinoshandisa iyi mhinduro dzichaderedza zvakanyanya kuderedzwa kwadzo ne80% pamutengo wakaderera.
2. Inoshanda kupisa sosi inoshandiswa kushandurudza zuva kune kupisa kunopa nzvimbo kana kudziya kwemvura. Yakanyanya kushandiswa muEurope, kuwana saizi yakakodzera ichavhara kubva pa50% kusvika ku60% yemvura inopisa yekudziya inodiwa.
3. Pakupedzisira, Photovoltaics inoshandura magetsi ekupenya semagetsi. Izvi zvinoitwa nekuisa masosi masosi muvhu uye nekukwirira kwesimba kwechiedza, ukuru hwokuyerera kwemagetsi. Aya anowanikwa muhukuru hwakasiyana uye mamwe akaiswa mumidziyo yevatengi yakaita sema Calculator nemawadhi.
Dzimwe mota dzava kuperekedzwa nemagetsi esolar. Idzi mota, kunyangwe dzisati dzagadzirwa, dziri kukwikwidza muWorld Solar Challenge, inokoka vakwikwidza kubva kumativi mana enyika kuti vatore chikamu mune chinoitika chegore rino muAustralia. Kune zvakare asina kugadzirirwa ndege dzemagetsi uye mabharuni. Parinhasi, simba rezuva rakangobudirira chete pazvikepe zvevatakuri.
